Validation of a questionnaire on knowledge about asthma
Validación de un cuestionario de conocimientos acerca de asma
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Introduction: an educational intervention aimed at increasing knowledge about asthma allows children and/or their parents to acquire skills that can prevent and/or adequately manage asthmatic crises, thus reducing the morbidity that accompanies the disease. However, there is among us no validated instrument with the ability to quantify the level of knowledge about asthma.
Objective: to develop and validate a questionnaire on knowledge about asthma to be filled out by the parents and/or caretakers of pediatric patients with asthma.
Material and method: the 17 items included in the questionnaire were obtained from a review of the literature, as well as from focal groups, pilot tests, and the professional experience of the researchers. Validity was assessed with regard to the appearance, content, and concurrent criterion of the instrument. The factorial structure, test-retest reliability, and sensitivity to change of the questionnaire were also determined.
Results: 120 pediatric patients with an average age of 4.5 ± 3.7 years were included. The factorial analysis demonstrated a probable three-factor structure with the ability to explain 85% of the overall variance of the results. The validity of appearance and content was based on the concept of a multidisciplinary group of experts on the subject. The concurrent criterion validity was demonstrated by the questionnaire's ability to discriminate between parents with high and low knowledge about asthma. Test-retest reliability and sensitivity to change were also shown to be adequate by comparing the scores of the questionnaire applied at two different times.
Conclusions: the questionnaire on knowledge about asthma under study is a useful and reliable tool for quantification of baseline knowledge about asthma of parents of asthmatic children. It is also useful and reliable for assessing the efficacy of an educational intervention aimed at increasing knowledge and understanding of the disease.
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