Physiology of non-invasive mechanical ventilation

Fisiología de la ventilación mecánica no invasiva

Published 2016-03-30

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Vol. 28 No. 1 (2016)
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Physiology of non-invasive mechanical ventilation.
rev. colomb. neumol. [Internet]. 2016 Mar. 30 [cited 2024 Dec. 11];28(1):24-32. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.30789/rcneumologia.v28.n1.2016.161
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Fabio Andrés Varón V., MD.
Fundación Neumológica Colombiana. Bogotá, Colombia.
    Ángela María Giraldo M., MD.
    Fundación Neumológica Colombiana. Universidad de La Sabana. Bogotá, Colombia.
      Show authors biography

      Fabio Andrés Varón V., MD.,

      Jefe Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo y Programa de Trasplante Pulmonar, Fundación Neumológica Colombiana. Bogotá, Colombia.

      Ángela María Giraldo M., MD.,

      Fellow de Neumología, Fundación Neumológica Colombiana. Universidad de La Sabana. Bogotá, Colombia.

      Non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) refers to delivering ventilation to the lungs by means of techniques that do not require endotracheal intubation. Application of positive pressure by non-invasive ventilation dates back to the 1930s, when the studies of Alvan Barach showed that continuous positive airway pressure could be useful in the treatment of acute pulmonary edema (1). But it was not until 1980 that investigations were carried out by applying positive pressure via a mouthpiece, which achieved positive results by decreasing levels of PaCO2 and improving oxygenation in patients with COPD and asthma. However, since the results were not homogeneous, its use was discouraged. We now know that this disparity in the results was due to short time of NIMV, which was only 10-15 minutes, three or four times a day; this was too short to give good results. NIMV was at the same time used in patients with neuromuscular disease at the Goldwater Rehabilitation Center in New York, but the use of different interfaces made it impossible for this technique to adapt to the group of patients (2). Not until 1985 did its use become widespread, with application of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. Today, its benefits have been confirmed for diverse clinical conditions (3).

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