Fase fibroproliferativa en S.D.R.A.
Fase fibroproliferativa en S.D.R.A.
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El SDRA del adulto es una entidad caracterizada por un compromiso difuso de las superficies epiteliales y endoteliales del pulmón, mediado por gran cantidad de citoquinas, que puede finalizar en falla respiratoria como consecuencia de un proceso de fibroproliferación originado a partir de los miofibroblastos activados del intersticio, los cuales pueden alcanzar la luz alveolar gracias a la solución de continuidad en la membrana basal, produciendo una matriz que se colorea para fibronectina y colágeno III.
La progresión hacia el estado de fibroproliferación se caracteriza funcionalmente por un fracaso por parte de la Peep para mejorar la oxigenación, por una distensibilidad disminuida y por un aumento en la resistencia vascular; clínicamente el cuadro puede simular una neumonía nosocomial. Un aumento en el recuento de neutrófilos del lavado bronquiolo alveolar caracteriza el curso temprano del SDRA, recuento que de permanecer elevado en la primera o segunda semana que sigue al evento, se asocia con pobre pronóstico. En cuanto al tratamiento, estudios preliminares sugieren que los esteroides podrían intervenir en el proceso de fibroproliferación, guardando relación con el pronóstico.
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