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Análisis de costo-utilidad de los esteroides inhalados disponibles en Colombia para el manejo de pacientes pediátricos con asma persistente

Cost-utility analysis of available inhaled corticosteroids in Colombia for the treatment of paediatric patients with persistent asthma



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Análisis de costo-utilidad de los esteroides inhalados disponibles en Colombia para el manejo de pacientes pediátricos con asma persistente.
rev. colomb. neumol. [Internet]. 2009 Sep. 1 [cited 2024 Nov. 25];21(3):111-35.

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Ninguna publicación, nacional o extranjera, podrá reproducir ni traducir sus artículos ni sus resúmenes sin previa autorización escrita del editor; sin embargo  los usuarios pueden descargar la información contenida en ella, pero deben darle atribución o reconocimiento de propiedad intelectual, deben usarlo tal como está, sin derivación alguna.

Carlos E. Rodríguez Martínez
    Mónica P. Sossa Briceño

      Carlos E. Rodríguez Martínez,

      Primer puesto Trabajo de Investigación Original XIII Congreso Colombiano de Neumología y IV Congreso de Cirugía de Tórax, Bogotá 8 a 11 de octubre de 2009

      Neumólogo Pediatra. Magíster en Epidemiología Clínica. Magíster en Economía de la Salud y del Medicamento (candidato). Clínica Infantil Colsubsidio. Universidad del Rosario. Universidad El Bosque. Bogotá, Colombia.


      Mónica P. Sossa Briceño,

      Médico Internista epidemiólogo. Magíster en Bioestadística. Clínica Colsánitas. Bogotá, Colombia.


      Introducción: el asma tiene un considerable impacto económico en los pacientes, los sistemas de salud y la sociedad en general, en especial cuando no se logra controlar adecuadamente. La elección entre los distintos esteroides inhalados, medicamentos considerados como el tratamiento controlador de primera elección para el tratamiento del asma, puede tener un alto impacto en los costos derivados de la enfermedad, por lo que los tomadores de decisiones no sólo necesitan escoger el esteroide que tenga la mayor efectividad clínica, sino que también necesitan considerar sus consecuencias económicas.

      Objetivo: estimar las razones incrementales de costo-utilidad (RICU) de tres esteroides inhalados utilizados para el tratamiento de pacientes pediátricos asmáticos, comparados con la beclometasona, que es el único esteroide inhalado incluido en el Plan Obligatorio de Salud de Colombia.

      Diseño: modelo económico sanitario (MES) de costo-utilidad tipo modelo de Markov, estructurado sobre un análisis de decisiones (árbol de decisiones).

      Materiales y métodos: los datos de efectividad se obtuvieron de una revisión sistemática de la literatura. Los datos de costos se obtuvieron de las tarifas de atención y de adquisición de medicamentos para Empresas Promotoras de Salud. Los participantes fueron una cohorte simulada de 1.000 pacientes menores de 18 años, con asma persistente, tratados durante 12 meses. La perspectiva utilizada fue la del asegurador. El desenlace principal fueron los años de vida ajustados por calidad (AVAC). Se verificó la robustez del modelo mediante análisis de sensibilidad determinísticos y probabilísticos.

      Resultados: mientras que la estrategia beclometasona es la menos costosa (costo promedio por paciente durante los 12 meses: $314.036), la estrategia fluticasona es la más efectiva (0,9325 años de vida ajustados por calidad, en promedio por paciente, durante los 12 meses). Las estrategias ciclesonida y budesonida están dominadas por la estrategia fluticasona, pues son más costosas y menos efectivas que esta última. Al comparar la estrategia fluticasona con la beclometasona, se calculó una RICU promedio de $58´672.561 por AVAC adicional.

      Conclusiones: si la máxima voluntad de pago de los tomadores de decisiones es mayor que $62´500.000 anuales por paciente por AVAC adicional, la fluticasona sería la estrategia terapéutica más costo-efectiva, o en caso contrario la beclometasona sería la estrategia más costo-efectiva


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