Behavior of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations during the first 6 months of the Covid-19 pandemic, Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá, Colombia
Comportamiento de las exacerbaciones de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica durante los primeros seis meses de pandemia COVID-19, Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá, Colombia
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Introduction: There is evidence suggesting a greater severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with COPD as a comorbidity. However, so far there are no studies that determine the impact of this virus and public health measures such as social isolation and hygiene in general. Objectives: The general objective of the study was to perform a comparative analysis of the behavior of COPD exacerbations in a cohort of patients during the six months from the beginning of the mandatory confinement due to SARS-CoV-2, compared to the same period in 2019. The following secondary objectives were described: the frequency of emergency room visits due to exacerbation of COPD due to SARS-CoV-2 infection; the severity of clinical presentation; the requirement for mechanical ventilation, and the frequency of death during the same time in 2020.
Materials and methods: a descriptive study in a cohort of patients who consulted the COPD Clinic of the Central Military Hospital, met the criteria for exacerbation of their disease and required care in the emergency department of said institution, in the period from March 24, 2020, to September 24, 2020, and the same period of the previous year. A descriptive analysis of the variables was performed.
Results: A total of 364 patients consulted in the COPD Clinic Program during the period 2019 and 210 during the period 2020. 262 patients with exacerbations were selected in 2019. 41.4% of patients had two or more exacerbations compared to 30.5% during confinement. In patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the highest proportion had critical illness, followed by severe disease with 75% of the total events. Mortality during confinement was 13.7% (11/82) at the expense of COVID-19 patients.
Discussion and conclusions: the frequency of emergency room visits by patients in the isolation period was lower compared to the previous year. The frequency of death from any cause in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and COPD was higher than that of uninfected COPD patients.
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