Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia
Neumonía eosinofílica crónica
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Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia is, in our milieu, an uncommon and little-known condition. Its diagnosis is initially based on clinical suspicion and commonly associated conditions, such as atopia or asthma; however, not all cases appear as described in the scientific literature.
We present the case of a previously healthy patient, with a 3-month history of cough and constitutional symptoms that did not improve despite multiple empirical antibiotic schemes. Chest radiographs showed persistent alveolar opacities, with air bronchogram and predominantly basal, bilateral areas of consolidation. Fibrobronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage were performed; pulmonary eosinophilia was evidenced. This finding determined the diagnosis of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, without biopsy being performed. One of the tests that confirms this diagnosis is response to steroid therapy; invasive measures should be left as a last option.
A high index of clinical suspicion, documentation of peripheral and/or pulmonary eosinophilia, and response to corticoid therapy should be enough to reach a final diagnosis of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, in cases where lung biopsy is not possible.
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