Neumonía de lenta resolución
Slowly resolving pneumonia
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Ninguna publicación, nacional o extranjera, podrá reproducir ni traducir sus artículos ni sus resúmenes sin previa autorización escrita del editor; sin embargo los usuarios pueden descargar la información contenida en ella, pero deben darle atribución o reconocimiento de propiedad intelectual, deben usarlo tal como está, sin derivación alguna.
Mostrar biografía de los autores
La neumonía de lenta resolución se define como aquella cuya sintomatología persiste luego de 10 días de un tratamiento antibiótico adecuado o la persistencia de los infiltrados radiológicos, que permanecen constantes después de seis semanas de la evaluación radiológica inicial. Esta inadecuada respuesta se debe principalmente a la existencia de gérmenes resistentes, enfermedades sistémicas, estados de inmunosupresión y a la presencia de determinadas patologías que semejan procesos infecciosos. Existen aún interrogantes sobre la fisiopatología y el enfoque terapéutico a seguir; de ahí la importancia de conocer y entender los mecanismos relacionados con la inapropiada evolución para llegar a una aproximación diagnóstica más acertada. En esta revisión se exponen los diferentes postulados que sobre el tema se han escrito y con base en estos se propone un esquema para un diagnóstico más preciso.
Visitas del artículo 484 | Visitas PDF 803
Descargas
- Menéndez R, Perpiñá M, Torres A. Evaluation of nonresolving and progresive penumonia. Semin Respir Infect 2003;18:103-11.
- Andreas Kyprianou, Charles Scott, Rakesh Shah, Alan M. Fein, The Challenge of Nonresolving pneumonia. 2003; 113(1). Postgraduate Medicine.
- J.L. Rodríguez Hermosa, M. Calle Rubio y J.L. Alvarez-Sala. Neumonía de Lenta Resolución. Rev Clin Esp 2004;204(7):375-8.
- Fein AM, Feinsilver SH, Niederman MS, Fiel S, Pai PB. When the pneumonia doesn’t get better. Clin Chest Med 1987;8: 529-41.
- Jorge E. Ortega, Lázaro A. Vélez. Neumonía de Lenta Resolución Presentación de Caso, Infectio 2001;(5); 39-44.
- Recomendaciones para diagnóstico, tratamiento y prevención de la NAC en adultos, Revista colombiana de neumología, Volumen 15, Suplemento 3, Octubre de 2003.
- Community – Acquird Pneumonia in Adults: Guidelines for Management, Clinical Infectious Diseases 1998; 26:811-38.
- Goldman, Bennett, Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 21st ed, 2000.
- Harrison’s, Principes of Internal Medicine, 16o Edition, 2005.
- Current Diagnosis and Treatment in Infectious Diseases 1st edition, Walter R. Wilson, W. Lawrence, Nancy K. June 22,2001.
- Joshua P. Metlay, Wishwa N. Kapoor, Michael J. Fine, Does This Patient Have Community-Acquired Pneumonia? Diagnosing Pneumonia by History and Physical Examination, JAMA, 1997; 278(17):1440-1445.
- American thoracic society, Guidelines for the Management of Adults with Community Acquired Pneumonia. Am J Respir Crt Care Med 2001: 163.
- British Thoracic Society. British Thoracic Society Guidelines for the Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults. Thorax 2001; 56 (supl. 4).
- Bibrobroncoscopia en neumonía lenta resolución. Michael S. Niederman, Bronchoscopy in Nonresolving, Nosocomial Pneumonia, Chest 2000; 117:212S–218S.
- Marrie TJ. Normal resolution of community-acquired pneumonia. Semin Respir Infect. 1992; 7(4):256-70.
- Donald E. Low, Tony Mazzulli, Tom Marrie. Progresive and Nonresolving pneumonia. Curr Opin Pulm Med 11: 247 – 252, 2005.
- Ioanas M, Ferrer M, Cavalcanti M, Ferrer R, Ewig S, Filella X, de la Bellacasa JP, Torres A. Causes and predictors of nonresponse to treatment of intensive care unit-acquired pneumonia. Crit Care Med. 2004; 32(4):1077-9.
- De Castro FR, Torres A. Optimizing treatment outcomes in severe community-acquired pneumonia. Am J Respir Med.2003;2(1):39-54.
- Steven H. Kirtland, Richard H. Winterbauer. Slowly Resolving, Chronic, and Recurrent Pneumonia. Clinics in Chest Medicine, 1991; 12(2).
- Tünay Kuru, Joseph P. Lynch, Nonresuolving or Slowly Resolving Pneumonia, Clincs in Chest Medicine 1999; 20(3).
- Tünay Kuru, Joseph Lynch. Nonresolving, Slowly Resolving and Recurrent Pneumonia: Infectious Etiologies and Noninfectious Mimics. Respiratory Infections. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia 2001.
- Cheryl M. Weyers, Kenneth V. Beeper. Nonresolving Pneumonia. Clin Chest Med 2005; 26: 143-158.
- Cunha BA. Slowly resolving and nonresolving pneumonias. Drugs Today (Barc). 2000; 36(12):829-34.
- Mandell, Douglas, Benett ́s, Principes and Practice of Infectious Diseases 5th edition. 2000.
- Geppert EF. Chronic and recurrent pneumonia. Semin Respir Infect. 1992;7(4):282-8.
- Boletín Escuela de Medicina. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Neumonías de Lenta Resolución y Recurrentes, Dr Fernando Saldías Peñafiel Profesor Auxiliar Departamento de Enfermedades Respiratorias.
- Corley DE, Winterbauer RH. Infectious diseases that result in slowly resolving and chronic pneumonia. Semin Respir Infect. 1993;8(1):3-13.
- Kirtland SH. Chronic pneumonias. Semin Respir Infect. 1998;13(1):54-67.
- Kile I. Happel, Gregory J. Bagby, Steve Nelson. Host Defense and Bacterial Pneumonia. Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2004; 25: 43-52.
- Peter J. Delves, Ivan M. Roitt. The Immune System. New Eng Jour, 2000; 343: 37-49.
- Richard G. Wunderink, M.D.1 and Grant W. Waterer, Genetics of Community-Acquired Pneumonia, Semin in Resp and Critical Care Medicine 2005; 26(6).
- Barbara J. Masten, Initiation of Lung Immunity: The Afferent Limb and the Role of Dendritic Cells. Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2004; (25) 11-20.
- Qin Wang, Claire M. Doerschuk, Joseph P. Mizgerd, Neutrophils in Innate Immunity, Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2004; (25) 33 – 41,.
- Chistopher Haslett, Granulocyte Apoptosis and Its Role in the Resolution and Control of Lung Inflammation, Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 160: S5-S11.
- David H. Dockerell, Helen M. Marriot, Lynne R. Prince, Victoria C. Ridger, Paul G. Ince, Paul G. Hellewell, Moira K. B. Whyte. Alveolar Macrophage Apoptosis Contributes to Pneumococcal Clearance in a Resolving Model of Pulmonary Infection. The Journal of Immunology, 2003; 171: 5380-5388.
- Jeffrey A. Kazzaz, Stuart Horowitz, Jing Xu, Poonam Khullar, Michael S. Niederman, Alan M. Fein, Zahra Zakeri, Lin Lin, Gregory C. Rhodes, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2000; 161: 2043-2050.
- Fanny N. Lauw, Judith Branger, Sandrine Florquin, Peter Speelman, Sander J. H. van Deventer, Shizuo Akira, Tom van der Poll. IL 18 Improves the Early Antimicrobial Host Response to Pneumococcal Pneumonia. The Journal of Immunology, 2002; 168; 372-378.
- Fanny N. Lauw, Judith Branger, Sandrine Florquin, Peter Speelman, Sander J. H. van Deventer, Shizuo Akira, Tom van der Poll. IL 18 Improves the Early Antimicrobial Host Response to Pneumococcal Pneumonia. The Journal of Immunology, 2002; 168; 372-378.
- Ann Marie LeVine, Jeffrey A. Whistsett, Jodie A. Gwozdz, Theresa R. Richardson, James H. Fisher, Michael S. Burhans, Thomas R. Korfhagen. Distinct Effects of Srufactant Proein A o D Defiency During Bacterial Infection on th Lung. The Journal of Immunology, 2000; 165: 3934-3940.
- Amy C. Herring, Yadira Hernández, Gary B. Huffnagle, Galen B. Toews. Role and Development of Th1/Th2 Immune Responses in the Lungs. Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2004; 25(1): 3-10.
- Konstantin Prass, Christian Meisel, Conny Höflich, Johann Braun, Elke Halle, Tilo Wolf. Stroke-induced Immunodeficiency Pormotes Spontaneous Bacterial Infections and Is Mediated by Sympathetic Activacion Reversal by Poststroke T Helper Cell Type 1-like Immonostimulation. The Jornal of Experimental Medicine. 2005; 12: 725 – 136.
- Johnston RB Jr. Pathogenesis of pneumococcal pneumonia.Rev Infect Dis. 1991; 13 Suppl 6:S509-17.
- Rania Jounblat, Aras Kadioglu, Tim J. Mitchell, Peter W. Andrew. Pneumococcal Behavior and Host Responses during Bronchopneumonia Are Affected Differently by the Cytolytic and Complement-Activating Activities of Pneumolysin. Infection and Inmmunity 2003: 1813-1819.
- Carlos Alverto Cañas Davila, José Félix Restrepo, Antonio Iglesias Gamarra. Granulomatosis de Wegener. Rev Col Reum, 2001; 8(3): 325-334.
- Raul Riquelme, Antoni Torres, Mustafa El-Ebiary, Hosep Mnesa, Ramón Estrecha, Mauricio Ruiz, Jaquim Angrill, Nestor Soler. Community-acquired Pneumonia in the Elderly Clinical and Nutricional Aspects. Am J. Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 156: 1908-1914.
- El Solh AA, Aquilina AT, Gunen H, Ramadan F. Radiographic resolution of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004; 52(2):224-9.
- Fein AM, Feinsilver SH, Niederman MS. Nonresolving and slowly resolving pneumonia. Diagnosis and management in the elderly patient. Clin Chest Med. 1993;14(3):555-69.
- Cunha BA. Pneumonia in the elderly. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2001;7(11):581-8.
- Torres A, El-Ebiary M, Riquelme R, Ruiz M, Celis R. Community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly. Semin Respir Infect. 1999;14(2):173-83.
- Sevransky JE, Haponik EF. Respiratory failure in elderly patients. Clin Geriatr Med. 2003;19(1):205-24.
- Fein AM. Pneumonia in the elderly: overview of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Clin Infect Dis. 1999;28(4):726-9.
- Feldman C. Pneumonia in the elderly. Clin Chest Med. 1999;20(3):563-73.
- Andrew F. Shorr, Gregory M. Susla, Pharm D, Naomi P. O ́Grandy. Pulmonary Infiltrates in the Non-HIV-Infected Immunocompromesed and Outcomes. Chest 2004; 125:260-271.
- Francisco Arancibia, Santiago Ewig, Jose Antonio Martinez, Mauricio Ruiz, Torsten Bauer, Maria Angeles Marcos, Josep Mensa, and Antoni Torres. Antimicrobial Treatment Failures in Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia, Causes and Prognostic Implications, Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;162: 154–160.
- Community-Acquired Pneumonia, Michael S. Niederman, Chapter 83, Texbook of Critical Care, 5 Edition, 2005.
- Alves dos Santos JW, Torres A, Michel GT, de Figueiredo CW, Mileto JN, Foletto VG Jr, de Nobrega Cavalcanti MA. Non-infectious and unusual infectious mimics of community-acquired pneumonia. Respir Med. 2004;98(6):488-94.
- William H Thompson MD, Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma Masquerading as Pneumonia, Respiratory Care, 2004; 49 No 11; 1349-1353.
- J. Cadranel, M. Wislez, M. Antoine, Primary pulmonary lymphoma, Eur Respir J 2002; 20: 750–762
- Tsiodras S, Eiger G, Guttentag A, Lippmann M. Sarcoidosis presenting as unilateral alveolar consolidation. Am J Med Sci. 1997; 314(5):346-7.
- Pallav L Shah, David Hansell, Peter R Lawson, Kenneth B M Reid, Cliff Morgan, Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: clinical aspects and current concepts on patogénesis, Thorax 2000;55:67–77.
- Hee Soon Chung, MD, FCCP; and Jae Ho Lee, MD, Bronchoscopic Assessment of the Evolution of Endobronchial Tuberculosis, Chest 2000; 117:385–392.
- Boersma WG, Daniels JM, Lowenberg A, Boeve WJ, van de Jagt EJ. Reliability of radiographic findings and the relation to etiologic agents in community-acquired pneumonia. Respir Med. 2005.
- Kjeldsberg KM, Oh K, Murray KA, Cannon G. Radiographic approach to multifocal consolidation. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2002; 23(4):288-301.
- Grodzin CJ, Balk RA, Bone RC. Radiographic patterns of pulmonary disease. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 1997; 26(6):269-308.
- Katz DS, Leung AN. Radiology of pneumonia. Clin Chest Med. 1999;20(3):549-62.
- Blumenthal NP, Miller WT Jr, Kotloff RM. Radiographic pulmonary infiltrates. AACN Clin Issues. 1997;8(3):411-24.
- Haramati LB, Jenny-Avital ER. Approach to the diagnosis of pulmonary disease in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. J Thorac Imaging. 1998;13(4):247-60.
- Tanaka N, Matsumoto T, Kuramitsu T, Nakaki H, Ito K, Uchisako H, Miura G, Matsunaga N, Yamakawa K. High resolution CT findings in community-acquired pneumonia. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1996;20(4):600-8.
- Collins J. CT signs and patterns of lung disease. Radiol Clin North Am. 2001;39(6):1115-35.
- Tomiyama N, Muller NL, Johkoh T, Honda O, Mihara N, Kozuka T, Hamada S, Nakamura H, Akira M, Ichikado K. Acute parenchymal lung disease in immunocompetent patients: diagnostic accuracy of high-resolution CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2000;174(6):1745-50.
- Mayo JR, Muller NL, Road J, Sisler J, Lillington G. Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia: CT findings in six cases. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1989;153(4):727-30.
- Preidler KW, Szolar DM, Moelleken S, Tripp R, Schreyer H. Distribution pattern of computed tomography findings in patients with bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. Invest Radiol. 1996;31(5):251-5.
- Bronchoscopic Diagnosis of Pneumonia Vickie s. Baselskin Richard g. wunderink, clinical microbiology reviews, 1994, 7(4): 533-558.
- Ortqvist A, Kalin M, Lejdeborn L, Lundberg B. Diagnostic fiberoptic bronchoscopy and protected brush culture in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Chest. 1990;97(3):576-82.
- Narayanswami G, Salzman SH. Bronchoscopy in the human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient. Semin Respir Infect. 2003;18(2):80-6.
- Harcup C, Baier HJ, Pitchenik AE. Evaluation of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) by fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Endoscopy. 1985;17(6):217-20.
- Fitzgerald W, Bevelaqua FA, Garay SM, Aranda CP. The role of open lung biopsy in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Chest. 1987;91(5):659-61.
- Dunn IJ, Marrie TJ, MacKeen AD, Bhan V, Janigan DT. The value of open lung biopsy in immunocompetent patients with community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization. Chest. 1994;106(1):23-7.
- Wagner JD, Stahler C, Knox S, Brinton M, Knecht B. Clinical utility of open lung biopsy for undiagnosed pulmonary infiltrates. Am J Surg. 1992;164(2):104-7; discussion 108.